"If a child memorizes 10 words, the child can only read 10 words. But if a child learns 10 sounds, the child will be able to read 350 three sound words. 4,320 four sound words, and 21,650 five sound words."
-Martin Kozloff
-Martin Kozloff
Phonics
What is Phonics?
Phoneme
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Grapheme
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PHONICS
Himmele Erch 422 Phonemic Awareness PowerPoint
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Grapheme
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PHONICS
Himmele Erch 422 Phonemic Awareness PowerPoint
Phonics Defined:
"Systematic instruction includes a review and repetition cycle to achieve mastery and goes from the known to the new in a way that makes the new learning more obvious and easier for students to grasp. They separate easily confused letters and sounds to avoid potential difficulties" (International Literacy association, p. 13). This means that the ideal phonics program is one that "strives to connect concepts and move through a series of skills in a stair-step way offer the best chance at student success" (International Literacy association, p. 13).
FUNdations
The image above shows a program called FUNdations. This is a program that helps students with their letter and sound correspondence, in such teaching them Phonics. Students would sound like this... A, Apple, /a/ B, Bat, /b/ C, Cat, /c/ Students would go through the whole alphabet before moving onto digraphs and glued sounds. Interactive Word Wall
Automatic word recognition is a key part of phonics. There are certain words students should not need to decode because of how often they arise in text. The image above includes an Intractive word-wall with a ton of high-frequency sight words broken into categories. This can be beneficial to students not only for reading and writing, but it also allows students to see words that are commonly used in their everyday.
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Phonics is the understanding of sound letter correspondences. It may sound similar to the concept of phonemic awareness, but they are entirely separate concepts that are both needed for creating fluent readers. Shanahan states, "Phonics instruction teaches students to use the relationship between letters and sounds to translate printed text into pronunciation" (p. 11).
How is Phonics different from Phonemic Awareness?
Phonemic Awareness and Phonics differ because while Phonemic Awareness focuses on just the sound, Phonics focuses on sound and letter correspondence. For example, if a teacher asks a student to segment the word cat, that would be Phonemic Awareness because it is specifically dealing with sounds. If a teacher asked a student what letter makes the sound /c/, that would be Phonics because it deals with both the sound and letter. DecodingThe international literacy association says, "explicit instruction about how readers read" is a key aspect of creating independent consumers of text. On of these strategies is through decoding. "We must teach students to decode expertly as early as possible" (Farrell et al., p. 1). When students are learning Phonics, it is important to add decodable texts. Decodable books are simple books that are written for the beginning reader and contain the specific grapheme–phoneme correspondences students have learned. This allows students to independently read while practicing their word sound correspondence.
The image above gives some helpful reminders of what to do when students are reading their decodable books/texts. |
HOW DO WE APPROACH PHONIC INSTRUCTION?
Synthetic phonics is a method of teaching reading and is a part to whole method. These means that the teacher takes letter parts and sounds to create a word rather than taking apart a word by its letter and sound correspondence. Synthetic phonics would look like this...
- Teacher would teach all 44 phonemes (individual sounds) and their graphemes (letter) in conjunction with blending sounds to read and segment words. This builds the blocks of reading and spelling.
Embedded Phonics is teaching students phonics skills by embedding phonics instruction in text reading, a more implicit approach that relies to some extent on incidental learning. This video goes very in-depth about embedded phonics, what it is, how it works, how it can be successful in a classroom, as well as examples.
Analogy Phonics is teaching students unfamiliar words by analogy to known words. This can mean recognizing that the rime segment of an unfamiliar word is identical to that of a familiar word, and then blending the known rime with the new word onset. An example of this is reading brick by recognizing that -ick is contained in the known word kick or reading stump by analogy to jump.
The image above includes this definition but also explains what some of the pros and cons might be when using Analogy Phonics.
The image above includes this definition but also explains what some of the pros and cons might be when using Analogy Phonics.
Analytic Phonics is a method in teaching students to analyze letter-sound relations in previously learned words to avoid pronouncing sounds in isolation. This is a whole to part method. The image about gives some examples of what this might look like such as...
- Constant Blends: When two constants are together and make two separate sounds.
- `Example: "bl' in "black"
- Silent E Rule: When “e” is the last letter in a word and the preceding syllable has just one vowel, the first vowel is usually long, and the “e” is silent.
- Example: câp + e = cäpe
Phonics-Through-Spelling is teaching students to segment words into phonemes and to select letters for those phonemes. The image above gives the benefits as well as some examples of what this might look like for students. These include...
This is because students are spelling what they hear phonemically. With time students will begin to recognize patters in their reading and spelling.
- Allowing students to practice thinking about the sequence of sounds in words.
- How might these sounds be represented?
- What spelling patterns might you see?
This is because students are spelling what they hear phonemically. With time students will begin to recognize patters in their reading and spelling.
Sources:
Pictures:
https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.NfyiKbildmqMJkO6Ox6CBgHaHK?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain
https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.jPvNNaZdQBPqhPdVZldsIQHaFP?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain
https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.WEt34p0faF58Cs4-jjHDnAHaFj?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain
https://i.pinimg.com/474x/8c/81/46/8c8146dc748fcb78969050a6858a7c3f.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ff/8f/bc/ff8fbc6f7d64836d50ca3007a4ba3532.jpg
Sources:
International Literacy Association. (2019b). LITERACY LEADERSHIP BRIEF Meeting the Challenges of Early Literacy Phonics Instruction. https://www.literacyworldwide.org/docs/default-source/where-we-stand/ila-meeting-challenges-early-literacy-phonics-instruction.pdf
Shanahan, T. (2006). THE NATIONAL READING PANEL REPORT: Practical Advice for Teachers. https://uwosh.edu/coehs/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2018/12/Shanahan-national-reading-panel-report-Advice-for-Teachers.pdf
Himmele Erch 422 Phonemic Awareness PowerPoint
Farrell, L., Hunter, M., Davidson, M., & Osenga, T. (2023). The simple view of reading | reading rockets. Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/about-reading/articles/simple-view-reading
https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.NfyiKbildmqMJkO6Ox6CBgHaHK?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain
https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.jPvNNaZdQBPqhPdVZldsIQHaFP?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain
https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.WEt34p0faF58Cs4-jjHDnAHaFj?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain
https://i.pinimg.com/474x/8c/81/46/8c8146dc748fcb78969050a6858a7c3f.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ff/8f/bc/ff8fbc6f7d64836d50ca3007a4ba3532.jpg
Sources:
International Literacy Association. (2019b). LITERACY LEADERSHIP BRIEF Meeting the Challenges of Early Literacy Phonics Instruction. https://www.literacyworldwide.org/docs/default-source/where-we-stand/ila-meeting-challenges-early-literacy-phonics-instruction.pdf
Shanahan, T. (2006). THE NATIONAL READING PANEL REPORT: Practical Advice for Teachers. https://uwosh.edu/coehs/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2018/12/Shanahan-national-reading-panel-report-Advice-for-Teachers.pdf
Himmele Erch 422 Phonemic Awareness PowerPoint
Farrell, L., Hunter, M., Davidson, M., & Osenga, T. (2023). The simple view of reading | reading rockets. Www.readingrockets.org. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/about-reading/articles/simple-view-reading